First contemporary art exhibitions in Armenia have been held in the 1980s during "perestroika". Even behind the "iron curtain", such movements got into and taken root in Armenia as transavantgarde, pop art and abstractionism; they later affected the beginnings of the art process in the country. In the 1990s, the conditions for art became more favorable in Armenia. Emerging the art market, new educational and creative institutions have been actively promoted by the government and international expatriate community. The powerful intensity of this process manifested in establishment of the Gyumri Biennal of Contemporary Art in 1998 — the first exhibition of its class in any of the former Soviet Republics.